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All Swans Are White
Photo by John Harrison Imagine that every swan observed in a particular region is white, leading to the belief that “all swans are white.” This conclusion appears reliable until the unexpected discovery of a black swan, which disproves this assumption. This example demonstrates a fundamental principle of hypothesis testing: science is often less about proving…
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Impact Over Output in Education and Research
In the modern landscape of education and community engagement, success has long been measured by outputs—metrics like the number of publications, course completions, or participants reached. While these indicators of process are essential, they often offer only a superficial view of the real-world change that such efforts can achieve. True impact extends beyond these processes,…
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Expanding Flexibility in Malaysia’s Medical Specialist Training
The evolving demands on healthcare systems worldwide have highlighted the need for direct-care physicians to adopt educational roles. A recent JAMA article by Sweigart, Watson, and Burger (2024) emphasises this trend, explaining that more physicians are being called upon to act as educators as training expands to new healthcare settings. This development is particularly relevant…